World+War+1

=__** Background on World War I :**__=

First World War or World War I was a major war centered in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centered on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centered on the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy). These alliances both reorganized (Italy fought for the Allies) and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.

Long-term causes of the war included the imperialistic foreign policies of the great powers of Europe, including the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France, and Italy. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist was the immediate trigger of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked, so within weeks the major powers were at war; via their colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.

**Opening Activities**:

 * Log onto the wall wisher address and post responses to the questions given:[|opener wallwisher]
 * Period 1 Go To : [|Opener Wallwisher]

Complete the **Picture Detective Strategy** for the picture below in your wiki.
Copy and paste the picture and questions into your wiki to answer 1. Ask a question. 2. What clues do you get from the picture? 3. What message is the picture sending?
 * //Who is the person being shot in the photo?//
 * //Looking at the picture I see a man shooting another man dressed in red and white clothes. Another lady is supporting her. There is a large group of people in the background of the photo which leads me to believe that the shooter wanted this assassination to be seen. It doesn't seem like the other guard people don't look as surprised as they should.//
 * //This is the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand.//

Read the different eyewitness accounts on the assassination here: [|Witnesses to the assassination of the archduke]
 * What did you learn from these eyewitnesses**? ** Write your response in you wiki **
 * In one of the eyewitness accounts, I learned that Sophia was pregnant while this assassination happened. While she was shot, she fainted and her husband, the Archduke, was telling her to try and stay alive for the children. Also, I learned that before the final assassination, there were many attempts by other conspirators to kill the Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

==//__Opener: Complete timeline activity [|time line activity.doc]__//==
 * Use the Time line on pages 378-9 to complete this activity**
 * 1) Which event is considered to be the “spark to WWI?
 * //The assignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand //
 * 1) How long did WWI Last?
 * //WWI lasted for 4 yrs. //
 * 1) What event precipitated the involvement of the United States and when did it occur?
 * //The sinking of Lusitania //
 * 1) How did the event in Russia in 1917 change the role of Russia in the war?
 * //Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 ended the rule of the czar. Russia pulled out of WWI. //
 * 1) What comment could you make on the world events that occurred during WWI?
 * //People always have to be than someone else. //

**Causes of World War I:**
 * Read the causes of WWI presented in the link below:
 * [|Causes of WWI]
 * Complete the attached graphic organizer to summarize your reading and what you gained from visuals provided:[[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="20" height="20" link="https://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/GO+Causes+of+WWI.docx"]] [|GO Causes of WWI.docx]

Use information gathered from the website to complete this graphic organizer. You may also add information from your text (page 382)
 * Militarism || Alliances || Imperialism || Nationalism || Bad Government ||
 * * Arms race, government’s attitude of mind.
 * As a country increased their arms, other followed to maintain the balance of power
 * Kaiser Wilhelm wanted Germany to lead the world, built the large “Dreadnought battleships” which made them clashed with British
 * British’s colonies over sea being threaten
 * European countries trained all their young men for war
 * 1914, Germany had the most biggest army
 * Russia’s army increased at the fastest race || * Europe countries sight alliances for protection
 * Germany, Austria-Hungarian and Italy formed triple alliances.
 * France, Russia and Britain formed triple entente.
 * 1902, Britain made a naval treaty with Japan
 * Triple Entente alarmed Germany
 * The alliances system created purposely to prevent war, in fact, it motivated war and triggered WWI || * Social Darwinism- feeling of superior
 * European nations had colonies throughout Africa
 * 1898, Britain and France struggled over Africa colonies and mostly leading to war
 * Wilhelm wanted colonies in Africa too || * Everyone was nationalist
 * France, Britain, Germany.. etc. became more warlike
 * Raged could be arose easily just by insulting someone’s country
 * Some other races wanted to be independent and rules themselves
 * Led to rebellions and terrorisms which destabilized Balkan || * Many European nations government were autocracies
 * Many countries had a corrupt government
 * No right reasons for going to war at the time
 * Perspective of winning more war and ruling more territories proved the strength of a country ||

**Map Activity** : Video on all the "firsts provided by WWI: **Reflection:** **Of all the "Firsts" what impressed you the most and why?**
 * Identify the Allied Powers (sometimes called the Triple Entente)
 * Portugal, France, Italy, Russia Great Britain, Romania, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro
 * Who were the Central Powers (also known initially as the Triple Alliance)
 * Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
 * Where is the Western Front? It begins and ends where?
 * The Western Front is in France. It runs from the English Channel and Switzerland
 * Identify the Eastern Front.
 * The Easter front is in Russia. It runs from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
 * How, geographically, did neutral states impact the war?
 * Most of the Neutral states were located in between the Allies Powers and the Central Power. Some of them were located around the Central Powers meaning the Central and Allied Powers would have to go through the Neutral states to attack one another.
 * [[image:mrshealy-usii/WWI_Map.JPG caption="WWI- 1914-1917 Before US Enters"]] ||
 * WWI- 1914-1917 Before US Enters ||
 * The first blood bank has impressed me the most since WWI had causing many lives away of all the nations. The blood bank was one of the greatest medical invention which saved many people's lives mostly during a war. Wounded and deaths were inevitable during a war. However, the blood bank could help soldiers maintaining their lives longer until they got transferred in receiving better medication.

** Opener on quotes : [|Opener quotes on WWI.doc]** What would it take to make you enlist to fight in a war? __**Analyze the following quotes:**__ //__**Quote #1:**__// On Monday evening, August 3, 1914, Vera Brittain, a young English woman, wrote in her diary: “Today has been far too exciting to enable me to feel at all like sleep— in fact it is one of the most thrilling I have ever lived through, though without doubt there are many more to come. That which has been so long anticipated by some and scoffed at by others has come to pass at last. . . . .” “Yes, the women will do it. They don’t feel as men do about war. they are the mothers of the race. Men think of the economic results, women think of the grief and the pain.” //Aletta Jacobs, 1st female doctor in the Netherlands// ** Complete Section One terms :** [|Section 1 Terms (completed)]
 * __Opener:__**
 * The way one fights for the country
 * My family
 * Protection
 * Nationalism
 * The confidence
 * This war has been very exciting to take it all in one heart.Vera is excited that even ladies can now fight in the war and whatever their doing they can’t get beat down no matter how hard the guys try.
 * //__Quote #2:__//**
 * Women think far ahead. they think of the people that they are going to save.e women have confidence than men do.their are the mothers of the generation.men think of their money and how much they will be paid yet mothers think of all the grief and pain that is happening

**Section 2: A New Kind of War**
 * Activity:**
 * **View the photo gallery** gallery of Trench Warfare at this site: [|Photo gallery of Trench Warfare]
 * In **paragraph**form, describe your impressions of trench warfare (based on what you saw)
 * I noticed that German trenches were over hundreds of miles long, which shows how major trench warfare was in World War I. In trench warfare, there were several tactics to survival. There were many caves/tunnels that soldiers would hide in. Some trenches were low so enemies could barely see them and many soldiers would stay in the woods or areas where there are many trees so the chances of being killed or wounded were lower. As far as casualties, there were hundreds of thousands of them in different ways. Some soldiers that were in trenches were killed if they were caught peeking, even if it were for a second. Soldiers in trenches would also be surprised by grenades which seems effective. Soldiers also died from sickness and diseases, since the conditions in the trenches were simply terrible. Battles were won in areas that seemed like ally ways and it seemed as if there wasn't any spot to hide which probably led to many deaths. There was also a breakthrough in World War I, in which was the success of the tank.

Activity: Life in the Trenches Here is a link that describes the life of a soldier in the Trenches:[|Life in the Trenches] As you read it it fill in what you learned and your impressions of the trenches in the document provided:[|Notes on Trench Warfare.doc]

**Period 7 Only** : Opener
 * **Select five words to describe life in the trenches**
 * risky
 * treacherous
 * unsanitary
 * bloody
 * disturbing
 * **Explain why you chose each of them**
 * I chose the word risky because life in the trenches was practically a one-way ticket to death. Life in the trenches were treacherous due to the rat infestations and all the other vermin that occupied the trenches. The living conditions in the trenches were very unsanitary with men being forced to shave their head or they'd have to worry about lice, nits and other possible infections. At the same time trench warfare was very bloody, due to the thousands of casualties a day. The casualties led to disturbing sights because of the thousands of rotting corpses, being eaten by all the rats, that every soldier was forced to see everyday.

Try This:

 * **Here is a link to interactive trench warfare game**. **Try a few scenarios and the write a brief reflection on what you found out about warfare in WWI**:[|Interactive game on Trench warfare]
 * This interactive trench warfare game allowed us to get the feel of how it was to fight in the trenches during WWI. Every mission contained a different scenario in which the weather conditions, field location, etc. were described, such as in mission one "It is a cold, sunny, February morning." You would then choose your weapons based on each scenario for each mission. A description was provided with every weapon so you would know what would work for what. For example, the gas mask is an option but you it says "beware of wind" meaning you need to take into account weather conditions before choosing this weapon. Also the plane was ineffective with weather conditions such as wind and rain because they were biplanes. At the end of each mission, there was a summary in which it described in the effectiveness of each weapon in each scenario.
 * //__** Pair Share **__//
 * The games was a trial and error. The game was a like an actual real-life combat scenario.

= //__**Read about Battles on the Western Front on pages 388-389 of your text**.__// = = //Take notes on the graphic organizer provided here: [|Battles of the Western Front.docx]// =

** Battles of the Western Front **
 * ** Battle of Verdun ** * (1916) the longest battle of World War I;
 * Ended in stalemate, with both sides (Germany/France) suffering hundreds of thousands of casualties
 * Germans solely wanted to kill or injure as many French soldiers as possible—to “bleed France white,” || ** Battle of Somme ** * British launched their own attack, intended partly to pull German troops away from Verdun
 * The Battle of the Somme was the main Allied assault during 1916
 * Just as in the Battle of Verdun, by the time fighting ended in December 1916 there had been no major breakthroughs. ||


 * ** Third Battle of Ypres ** * July 1917, the British began an offensive near Ypres, Belgium, where two earlier German attacks had taken place.
 * Disaster for the British, who ended the attack in November. || ** Gallipoli Campaign ** * (1915) failed attempt by the Allies in World War I to take control of the Dardanelles
 * The Allies used the Dardanelles to ship supplies to Russia, to destroy the guns and forts that lined the Dardanelles, the Allies landed a force on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the spring of 1915.
 * After months of fighting and nearly 200,000 casualties, the Allies gave up.
 * This battle was a failure. ||

Most of these ba ttles were u ns ucc essf ul fo r any s i de. Both s i des lo st ne arly the s a me am o un t of so ld i e r s in eac h ba ttle. On e g o al of th e Central Powers w a s to so uly k ill and injure as many ene my so ld i e r s a s p o ss ib le. However, they t o o l o st the s a me am o un t of me n ar o und the num bers of 500,00 upwards t ro ops were lost in total. In many of the battles there w a s a had no true victory. Many just ended in a stalemate. It w a s eventual p o in tless to e v e n f i g h t bec a us e all they did wa s lo se men in the f i e ld and hav e ze r o a dv anc eme n t in the war.

Watch the short video below on Battle of the Somme:
 * Write a brief reflection on what you learned about the battle in your wiki.
 * Entitle your summary: **//Reflection on the Battle of the Somme//**
 * From this video I learned that all of these soldiers had to struggle with crawling or walking through narrow trenches in order to travel from one trench to another. There were large explosions that killed many and on the first day about 20,000 British soldiers were killed. Many died very quickly and some died just thirty minutes after the battle had begun. In total, 623,907 soldiers were killed or wounded in the Battle of the Somme.
 * Complete terms on Section 2 [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/msword.png width="20" height="20" link="https://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Notes+on+Trench+Warfare.doc"]]__ [|Section 2 Terms.doc(completed)] __

__**Armenian Massacre **:__ Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, and by Armenians as the Great Crime was the systematic destruction of the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">Armenian <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';"> population of the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">Ottoman Empire <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';"> during and just after World War I.It was implemented through wholesale <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">massacres <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';"> and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">deportations <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';">, with the deportations consisting of <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; text-decoration: none;">forced marches <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif';"> under conditions designed to lead to the death of the deportees. The total number of resulting Armenian deaths is generally held to have been between 1 million and 1.5 million.
 * Background **:

[|Armenian Massacre Project]
 * open and Copy** the link below to your wiki:
 * This was an NHD project completed by a student last year
 * On the **homepage**he explains the purpose of the project
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/msword.png width="20" height="20" link="https://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Notes+on+Trench+Warfare.doc"]][|Armenian Gencide.docx]

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Section 4: The War Ends **

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Content Questions: **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">1. Why did the United States enter the War?

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">2. What events led to the end of the fighting?

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">3. What issues made the peaceocess difficult

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">4. What were the costs of the war?


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">** Complete the Who, What, When, Where, and why of the following two events. You may use your text and the internet to complete the activity **:

**<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">The Sinking of the Lusitania: **
Here is a link to an eyewitness history account: [|Sinking the Lusitania.docx]

__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> **Who** : __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">What: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">When: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">Where: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">Why/Significance ** __
 * The Lusitania
 * Was shot at and sunk by a German U-boat. Killing<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;"> 1,119 of the 1,924 aboard. The dead included 114 Americans.
 * US was importing ammunition to Liverpool
 * May 7, 1915
 * The coast of Ireland
 * Germany made deal with US to not continue attacking non military ships with without ample warning.. Pushed the US closer to entering World War 1
 * Enrages the US public. President Wilson protests against Germany.
 * __**Germans**__
 * Americans supplied weapons to Britain.

__// **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">The Zimmerman Note: ** //__
==<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 26px;"> ==

__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> [|Zimmerman Note.docx] __ ==__ [|copy of actual note.docx] __== __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> **Who** : __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">What: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">When: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">Where: ** __ __ **<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">Why/Significance ** __
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Here are two links for the Zimmerman Telegram: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Arthur Zimmermann
 * <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Mexico
 * <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">Britain (telegraph lines)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 12px;">US (telegraph lines)
 * Germany sent a note to try and persuade Mexico into joining the war and attacking the US, in return for some US territory lost in Mexican-American War.
 * Mexico just ended the civil war and were in no position to enter the war.
 * German wanted to make a striking blow on America and sent a telegram to Mexico.
 * January 16, 1917
 * Berlin, Germany being sent to Mexico
 * Britain want the US to join the allies so they informed the US of the Zimmerman note.
 * It inflamed the American public, which was already angered over the continuation of unrestricted submarine warfare, the telegram had further pushed the US towards war. Wilson broke ties with Germany. On April 2, 1917, Wilson had asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
 * Pushes US toward war.

**Here is a link that summarizes US entrance in WWI** [|US in WWI]

 * Watch the video
 * travel through the exhibit

**In Paragraph form summarize the role the United States played in World War I**
 * **Type summary into wiki .....or/**
 * **Create word documen**t **entitled __//US Role in WWI//__ and attach it as a file**
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">[[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="32" height="32" link="http://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Zimmerman+Note.docx"]] [|US Role in WWI.doc]

**//__Opener: Picture Detective__//** //Ask a Question// //What do you see// //Point of View//
 * Why is the ice Melting?
 * The figure of Uncles Sam
 * Uncle Sam looks stressed out/unhappy
 * Melting block of ice with the words “Patience with Germany”
 * Something in Uncle Sam hands fan in one and paper in the other.
 * This cartoonist must believe that the US’s paitence with Germany is starting to disolve and “melt” away.

**A Difficult Peace**
 * Background**:

At the end of the War, each of the major allied powers had a different viewpoint on what should be included in the peace treaty. The French wanted to punish Germany. The United States under the direction of President Wilson wanted a treaty that would promote stability and world peace (Fourteen Points). The British seemed to fall somewhere between the two. Italy, on the other hand wanted to increase it territory.

Activity:
 * Read the summary of the Treaty of Versailles here:[[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="21" height="18" link="http://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Treaty+of+Versailles.docx"]] [|Treaty of Versailles.docx]

1. **List and summarize the major points of the Treaty**
 * Germany was not allowed to have an air force
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Germany was foreced to concede territories to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, West Prussia and Upper Silesia.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Demanded the dimilitarization and occupation of the Rhineland.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Germany was forced to take full responsibility for WWI
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">The German army was to be limited to 100,000 men, and conscription proscribed; the treaty restricted the Navy to vessels under 100,000 tons, with a ban on the acquisition or maintenance of a submarine fleet.

2. **Predict how this treaty led to the rise of Hitler and ultimately WWII using evidence from the document**
 * The treaty made Germany look like a fool after the war. The German people began looking for a person they could trust, that person was Adolf Hitler. HItler made p <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">romises to rearm, to reclaim German territory, particularly in the East, to remilitarize the Rhineland, and to regain prominence again among the European and world powers after such a humiliating defeat and peace.
 * Use the following graphic to summarize the costs of WWI:[[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="23" height="20" link="http://mastromaurowh.wikispaces.com/file/view/Costs+of+WWI.docx"]] [|Costs of WWI.docx]**



**Animoto** is a web application that produces videos from photos, video clips and music. It analyzes the provided photos, video clips and music to generate a video similar to a movie trailer.
= **//__My Animoto Project on WWI__//** = media type="custom" key="12500320" ====** Rubric for Animoto Presentation : [|Rubric for animoto Project.docx]**==== ====** Animoto Relection paper : [|animoto reflection.docx]**==== === **__[|Animoto Reflection.docx]__** ===